althoughtheplanetarymotionexhibitsverylong-termstabilitydefinedasthenon-existenceofcloseencounterevents,thechaoticnatureofplanetarydynamicscanchangetheoscillatoryperiodandamplitudeofplanetaryorbitalmotiongraduallyoversuchlongtime-spans.evensuchslightfluctuationsoforbitalvariationinthefrequencydomain,particularlyinthecaseofearth,canpotentiallyhaveasignificanteffectonitssurfaceclimatesystemthroughsolarinsolationvariation(cf.berger1988). togiveanoverviewofthelong-termchangeinperiodicityinplanetaryorbitalmotion,weperformedmanyfastfouriertransformations(ffts)alongthetimeaxis,andsuperposedtheresultingperiodgramstodrawtwo-dimensionaltime–frequencymaps.thespecificapproachtodrawingthesetime–frequencymapsinthispaperisverysimple–muchsimplerthanthewaveletanalysisorlaskar's(1990,1993)frequencyanalysis. dividethelow-passfilteredorbitaldataintomanyfragmentsofthesamelenh.thelenhofeachdatasegmentshouldbeamultipleof2inordertoapplythefft. eachfragmentofthedatahasalargeoverlappingpart:forexample,whentheithdatabeginsfromt=tiandendsatt=ti+t,thenextdatasegmentrangesfromti+δt≤ti+δt+t,whereδt?t.wecontinuethisdivisionuntilwereachacertainnumbernbywhichtn+treachesthetotalintegrationlenh. weapplyanffttoeachofthedatafragments,andobtainnfrequencydiagrams. ineachfrequencydiagramobtainedabove,thestrenhofperiodicitycanbereplacedbyagrey-scale(orcolour)chart. weperformthereplacement,andconnectallthegrey-scale(orcolour)chartsintoonegraphforeachintegration.thehorizontalaxisofthesenewgraphsshouldbethetime,i.e.thestartingtimesofeachfragmentofdata(ti,wherei=1,…,n).theverticalaxisrepresentstheperiod(orfrequency)oftheoscillationoforbitalelements. wehaveadoptedanfftbecauseofitsoverwhelmingspeed,sincetheamountofnumericaldatatobedecomposedintofrequencycomponentsisterriblyhuge(severaltensofgbytes). atypicalexampleofthetime–frequencymapcreatedbytheaboveproceduresisshowninagrey-scalediagramasfig.5,whichshowsthevariationofperiodicityintheeccentricityandinclinationofearthinn+.5,thM.XiAPE.coM